CELL STRUCTURE
1. Name the person who first coined the term “Cell”
Ans: Robert Hooke in 1665, first coined the term Cell.
2. Define Cell
Ans: Cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
3. What will happen to a cell if its nucleus is removed?
Ans: With the passage of time, the cell will die as the nucleus which controls and coordinates all the functions of the cell is absent.
4. Give 5 examples of single celled organisms.
Ans: Paramecium, Amoeba, Chlamydomonas, Bacteria, Malarial Parasite
5. What are multicellular organisms ? Give an example.
Ans: The organisms consisting of more than one (multiple) cells, where each cell performs a specialized function is known as Multicellular Organism. Example:- Animals, Plants, Fungi
6. The cell organelle which is commonly referred as the suicidal bags of the cell.
Ans: Lysosomes.
7. Name the process through which an amoeba acquires its food from the external surroundings.
Ans: The process through which an amoeba acquires its food from the external environment is called Endocytosis.
8. State the functions of chromosome in a cell.
Ans: Chromosome is the carrier of genetic information.
9. Who proposed the Cell theory ?
Ans: Schielden and Schwann proposed the cell theory (i.e. all organisms have cell and cell is the basic unit of life), it was further expanded by Virchow (by suggesting that all cells arise from pre-existing cells).
10. What is Nucleoid ?
Ans: The undefined nuclear region of Prokaryotic cell (Bacteria, Blue Green Algae) is known as Nucleoid.
11. Define diffusion.
Ans: Diffusion is defined as the movement of particles from a region of High Concentration to a region of low concentration.
12. Plasma membrane is formed of?
Ans: Plasma Membrane is formed of Proteins and Lipids.
13. Identifiy and name the following cell structures:
a) The undefined nuclear region of Prokaryotic cell. b) Site of energy release inside the cell.
Ans: a) Nucleoid b) Mitochondria
14. Name the kind of plastid which is important for photosynthesis in leaves of the plants.
Ans: Chloroplast.
15. Name the two components of chromosomes.
Ans: Proteins and DNA.
16. When does the chromatin network separate out to form chromosomes?
Ans: The network of Chromatin fibres seperate out to form chromosomes, when a cell is at dividing stage (dividing/about to divide).
17. Name the cell organelle that detoxifies poisons and drugs.
Ans: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER).
18. Name the cell organelle that is associated with protein synthesis.
Ans: Ribosomes.
19. Name a cell which changes its shape.
Ans: Amoeba,WBC
20. Name the functional unit of DNA that carries genetic informations.
Ans: Genes
20. Expand the word DNA.
Ans: Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid.
21. State the primary functions of plasma membrane.
Ans: It regulates the exchange of materials between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluids.
22. Name a cell that lacks cell wall
Ans: Animal Cells
23. Name the main constituent substance present in plant cell wall.
Ans: Cellulose
24. Name the cell which is responsible for intracellular transport.
Ans: Endoplasmic Reticulum
25. Name the Reticulum which has ribosome’s attached to it .
Ans: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
26. Name a cell that does not have a nucleus, what are they called?
Ans: The cells that do not have a nucleus are called Enucleate Cells, Red Blood Cells (RBC) is a enucleate cell..
27. What is Biogenisis?
Ans: The production of proteins and lipids for producing membrane by the SER is known as Biogenises.
28. Who discovered Golgi Apparatus?
Ans: Camillo Golgi.
29. Name the cell organelle which is involved in the formation of lysosomes.
Ans: Golgi Aparatus.
30. What is Endosmosis?
Ans: The passage (entry) of water from outside to inside of a cell is known as Endosmosis.
31. What are Peroxisomes. Write their functions?
Ans: Peroxisomes are small vesicles found around the cell. They have a single membrane that contains digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic materials in the cell. They also play a role in cholesterol synthesis and the digestion of amino acids.
32. What are the diffrence between Peroxisomes and lysosomes?
Ans: Peroxisomes differ from lysosomes in the type of enzyme they hold. Peroxisomes hold on to enzymes that require oxygen (oxidative enzymes). Lysosomes have enzymes that work in oxygen-poor areas and lower pH.
33. To study cells with a light microscope, different types of stains are usually available. Why is it generally more useful to stain eukaryotic cells than prokaryotic cells?
Ans: Specific stains can reveal certain compounds or structures within a cell. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells and have more structures that can take in the stains.
34. What are vacuoles?
Ans: Vacuoles are membrane-enclosed saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
35. What are the two roles of the central vacuole in plant cells?
Ans: Storage of materials and support of the cell
36. How are contractile vacuoles different from other types of vacuoles?
Ans: Contractile vacuoles pump excess water out of the cell, while other types of vacuoles hold materials inside of cells.
37. What is the function of vesicles in the synthesis of proteins and the release of those proteins outside the cell?
Ans: Vesicles transport newly synthesized proteins to the Golgi apparatus. After the Golgi apparatus modifies the proteins, vesicles transport the modified proteins to the cell membrane, where they are released
38. what is active transport and what is its type?
Ans: The energy-requiring process that moves molecules and ions across a cell membrane against a concentration difference is called active transport.
Types of active transport :
Endocytosis : Process of taking materials into the cell by means of infoldings of the cell membrane
Phagocytosis : Process of taking large particles into the cell by endocytosis
Exocytosis : The removal of large amounts of material from the cell
39. During endocytosis, what happens to the pocket in the cell membrane when it breaks loose from the membrane?
Ans: It forms a vacuole within the cytoplasm
40. What is the difference in the function of the proteins and the carbohydrates attached to a cell membrane?
Ans: Some of the proteins form channels and pumps that help move materials across the membrane. Many of the carbohydrates act like chemical identification cards.
Keep sharing
0 Comments